The Soft Power Practices Of The Usa And China In Central Asia: A Comparative Analysis Of Strategies, Challenges, And Opportunities

Abstract

This study examines and compares the soft power strategies of the United States and China in Central Asia using a qualitative narrative approach. The study collects data from policy documents, embassy statements, leaders’ speeches, and academic literature. The research identifies converging and diverging patterns in their engagement with the region. Both powers utilize education and cultural diplomacy yet diverge in strategic orientation: China emphasizes development-led, state-centric partnerships, while the USA promotes a values-based model focused on democracy, civil society, and human rights. The analysis highlights mixed regional perceptions shaped by political context and societal needs and a shifting balance of influence, particularly in the post-Afghanistan era. The findings contribute to soft power theory by demonstrating how strategic narratives and delivery mechanisms affect foreign policy reception. The study concludes with practical recommendations for Central Asian policymakers to diversify partnerships, and for both powers to pursue culturally sensitive, locally inclusive approaches. It also calls for further research incorporating local voices and field-based insights.